Wondering if you could illustrate your round clamping pads, close pic, or explanation as to what I am seeing?
The Clamping pads are just large dowel stock. Literally an old broom stick for the larger ones. The ones with the off-center holes were originally used in a different type of fixture and were used as cam clamps. I rarely use that type of fixture any more. 
Those behind on the rack, appear to be stacked washers, OR plywood
Those are referred to as Cello Clamps. I use them to clamp the soundboard and back to the sides during glue-up. They're cut from solid maple using a hole saw from both sides to avoid tear-out, then cleaned up on a disc sander. I suppose the hole saw leaves rings that make it look like a laminated material or stacked washers.

Rhoots