Good info Kelly!

When I mis-spent my youth painting cars, one step after getting down to bare steel was a wipe down with phosphoric acid. It gave the surface a slight etch for primer adhesion and did any surface rust conversion. Popular for truck frames was similar products to get the rust converted before further paint work. 
Permatex "extend" was the product to use for that from a rattle can. Now there are a lot of others that do the same.
Turns the rust into a black coating that wont flake off.